Welcome to page two of Military Contracts we left off with Navy contracts of 1817, we will again start with the navy contract of 1818, I hope you all enjoyed the fist page. As with the first page there may be so much information I well not be able to put it all down, so if you see a name and would like to know what he or they were manufacturing just let me know and I will help you all I can.
Navy Contracts of 1818.
1. Jan. 5, 1818, Francis Adams Jr.
2. Jan. 27, 1818, James Johnson, for 800 barrels of pork.
3. Feb. 9, 1818, Joseph C. Reilly.
4. Feb. 12, 1818, William Cammack, for 148 cypress beams for a 74 gun.
5. Feb. 24, 1818, Robert L. Stevens, for 200 elongated shells.
6. Feb. 24, 1818, Amos Upham.
7. March 6, 1818, Nathaniel P. Tatem.
8. March 31, 1818, Patience Minchen, for 1,500 pairs of shoes for marines.
9. ------------ 1818, Badgley & Martin.
10. ----------- 1818, E. Thompson.
11. April 9, 1818, William McKenney, for 2,000 barrels of navy bread.
12. April 28, 1818, Andrew Leighton, for 1,000 huckaback knees.
13. May 2, 1818, Isaac P. Davis.
14. May 9, 1818, William McKenney, for 2,000 barrels of navy bread.
15. May 7, 1818, Alexander Donaldson.
16. May 20, 1818, James C. Hutchison.
17. May 27, 1818, Thompson and Latimer.
18. May 27, 1818, Nathan S. Forbes.
19. June 1, 1818, John Colt.
20. June 8, 1818, Elijah Swift.
21. June 9, 1818, E. and A. Winchester.
22. June 24, 1818, Peter H. Green.
23. July 13, 1818, Richard Parrot.
24. July 17, 1818, Andrew Leighton.
25. July 23, 1818, John D. Sloat.
26. Aug. 22, 1818, Hugh Smith & Co.
27. July---- 1818, James Johnson.
28. Sept. 1, 1818, Joseph W. Revere.
29. Sept 10, 1818, Samuel Grice.
30. Oct. 21, 1818, John Mason.
Navy Contracts for 1819.
1. Jan. 22, 1819, Christian Rentgen, for 117,626 round Iron.
2. Jan. 26, 1819, Benjamin Van Ness, for timber.
3. Jan. 28, 1819, C. Ridgely of Hampton, for 160,089 round Iron.
4. Feb. 4, 1819, Michael Williamson, for 33 tons of round Iron.
5. Feb. 16, 1819, Hagan and Mellon, for hyson skin tea, brown sugar, rice, molasses, vinegar, whiskey, tobacco.
6. March 10, 1819, Isaac P. Davis.
7. March 12, 1819, Timothy Winn.
8. March 16, 1819, Robert McQueen & Co., for two steam engines for $43,000.
9. March 20, 1819, William & Joseph Duvall, All the clothing required for the New York station for one year: Blue cloth jackets at $4.62 and a half cents each, Blue cloth trousers at $3.12 and a half cents each, White flannel shirts at $1.50 each, White flannel drawers at 94. Cents each, Black silk handkerchiefs, fringed at 65. Cents each, Duck frocks at $1.37 and a half cents each, Duck Banyans at $1.50 each, Pea Jackets at $6.50 each, Shoes at $1.06 per pair, Red vests at $2.50 each, Three and a half point blankets at $1.87 and a half cents each, Felt hats at $.87 and a half cents each, Yarn stockings at .62 and a half cents per pair.
10. March 20, 1819, Francis H. Nicholl & Co.
11. March 20, 1819, William Mc’Kenney.
12. March 31, 1819, John Capron.
13. March 31, 1819, Joseph Granier.
14. April 1, 1819, Timothy Winn, for 800 hair mattresses.
15. April 1, John D. Dyer.
16. April 10, 1819, Isaac Nelson & George B. Dennet.
17. April 13, 1819, William and Charles Porter.
18. April 14, 1819, George Poppal.
19. April 15, 1819, Jane Collins.
20. April 20, 1819, James Moore Jr.
21. April 27, 1819, Nathaniel Cushing.
22. April 30, 1819, Henry Fortaine.
23. May 1, 1819, Daniel Winship.
24. May 20, 1819. Nehemiah Foreman.
25. May 26, 1819, Peter Heron.
26. June 29, 1819, Parrot and Tayloe.
27. July 8, 1819, Thomas H. Howland.
28. July 9, 1819, William Le Baron.
29. July 13, 1819, Thomas Crown.
30. Aug. 20, 1819, Edgar Patterson.
31. Aug. 20, 1819, Arnold Boone.
32. Aug. 30, 1819, John Peter, for 1,000 barrels of pork.
33. Sept. 1, 1819, Solomon I. Isaacs & Soho Copper Co.
34. Sept. 18, 1819, Jehu Corwine.
35. Nov. 6, 1819, Thomas M. Newell.
36. April 17, 1819, George Beale.
37. May 3, 1819, Elijah Boston.
Navy contracts for 1820.
1. Jan. 1, 1820, Epenetus Wheeler.
2. Jan.---,1820, Joaquim Jose Vasques, for 3,033 and a third yards Hammock cloth.
3. Jan. 2, 1820, John Remick, for 17,000 Locust treenails.
4. Feb. --,1820, Ezra Hyde, for nine Anchors.
5. Feb. 10, 1820, Giles Sanford.
6. Feb. 21, 1820, R. Curtis and L. Dwelly, for five Anchors.
7. March 1, 1820, Evan T. Ellicott & Co.
8. March 13, 1820, M. Williamson.
9. April, 1, 1820, George W. Murray.
10. April 15, 1820, Francis H. Nicholl & Co.
11. April 15, 1820, John R. Drake.
12. April 21, 1820, Joshua Sands and Tucker and Carter.
13. April 27, 1820, Lawson Pearson.
14. May 1, 1820, Thompson and Valentine.
15. May 9, 1820, John Turner Jr.
16. May 19, 1820, Joseph and William Jackson, for Iron for construction of two frigates.
17. May 24, 1820, Jacob Woodcock, for timber.
18. May 25, 1820, Leon Pecar, for timber.
19. June 6, 1820, Blossom Smith & Demon.
20. June 17, Lewis Coryell, for timber.
21. June 27, 1820, Winslow Lewis and Co.
22. July 3, 1820, John Lamb.
23. July 31, 1820, William Plume and Co.
24. Aug. 2, 1820, Cornelius Tiers.
25. Aug. 8, 1820, Martin Baker, for 250 barrels of beef & 200 barrels of pork.
26. Aug. 12, 1820, Luke M. Laighton.
27. Aug 16, 1820, Joseph Walton.
28. Aug. 29, 1820, Samuel G. Wright.
29. Sept. 1, 1820, E. Macornber & G. Copper.
30. Sept. 26, 1820, Ezekiel Hale.
31. Oct. 6, 1820, Russell Hunt & Brothers.
32. Nov. 10, 1820, W. H. D. C. Wright.
33. Nov. 15, 1820, Isaac P. Davis.
34. April----, 1820, John Chalmers.
35. May 6, 1820, Richard Taylor, for 13,000 barrels of pork.
36. Dec. 6, 1820, George Mason, for 5,000 cubical feet yellow pine logs.
Note. Being a contractor was a risky business at this time in history but no more so then to day. The contracts were any where from six months to five years. Many men had to ask for a advancement on their contracts to get started, but the government wasn’t just giving money away the contractor had to put up some kind of collateral. This was usually their land, home or business or all he owned. If the contractor couldn’t met the dead line or couldn’t full fill his contract his property would be taken and sold to pay off the advancement.
Navy contracts of 1821.
1. Jan. 15, 1821, Joshua Enniss, for:
Navy bread at 3 cents a pound.
Whiskey at 35 cents a gallon.
Molasses at 35 cents a gallon.
Vinegar at 16 cents a gallon
Rice at 4 cents a pound.
Tobacco at 14 cents a pound.
Butter at 16 cents a pound.
Cheese at 9 cents a pound.
Spermacet candles at 40 cents per pound.
Mould candles at 16 cents per pound.
2. Jan. 16, 1821, William McKenney and Louis Barney.
3. Jan. 22, 1821, Francis H. Nicoll & Co., All the common lay cordage required for the New York station for one year.
4. Jan. 22, 1821, Winslow Lewis & Co., All the ship chandlery required for the Boston station for one year.
5. Jan. 25, 1821, John McCurdy, All the fresh beef and vegetables required for the New York station for one year.
6. Jan. 26, 1821, Isaac P. Davis, All the patent cordage and cordage of common lay required at Boston and Portsmouth New Hampshire for one year.
7. Jan. 30, 1821, Isaac Little, All the fresh beef and vegetables required at the navy yard at Washington and public vessels in the District of Columbia.
8. Jan. 30, 1821, William Yeaton, All the articles of ships chandlery required at the navy yard at Washington for one year.
9. Feb. 1, 1821, P. L. Mills and napier, All the articles of slop clothing required for New York and Philadelphia stations for one year.
10. Feb. 1, 1821, Alexander Watson, All the articles of slop clothing required for Washington and Norfolk for one year.
11. Feb. 5, 1821, Jacob Keen, for 200 white oak logs for a frigate.
12. Feb. 7, 1821, Ashbel Symonds, All the fresh beef and vegetables required for Sackett’s Harbor for one year.
13. Feb. 8, 1821, Samuel Sweetser, All the paints and oil required for Baltimore.
14. Feb. 14, 1821, John P. Rice, One full and complete frame of live oak for a steam battery.
15. Feb. 28, 1821, Anson G. Phelps, for 30 tons of pig Iron.
16. March 2, 1821, Lawrence Shuster.
17. March 8, 1821, Almond Fuller.
18. March 6, 1821, James White, for 484 pieces pine logs.
19. March 10, 1821, Howes Goldsborough, for 42,500 feet white pine boards.
20. April 11, 1821, Carey Selden, for All the coals required at the navy yard at Washington.
21. July 23, 1821, Oliver Jacques, To fill up with earth a portion of dock at the navy yard at Brooklyn New York.
22. Aug. 3, Martin Baker, for 300 barrels of beef.
23. Aug. 11, 1821, Peter Guillet, All the keel and keelson pieces required in the construction of a ship of line.
24. Aug. 11, 1821, Geer and Riley, To build a ship house in Brooklyn New York.
25. Aug. 12, 1821, Henry Johnson, for 700 barrels of pork.
26. Oct. 2, 1821, B. B. Howell, for 909 tons of Kentledge.
27. Nov. 9, 1821, James Tongue.
28. Dec. 6, 1821, Solomon J. Isaacs, for 880 feet copper bolts.
Note. Meaning of words.
Kentledge: permanent ballast on ships: scrap iron or other heavy material used as permanent ballast on ships.
Keelson: keel-reinforcing beam: a metal or wooden beam attached to the upper side of a boat’s keel to reinforce it.
Cordage:1. amount of wood: the amount of wood in a stack, measured in cords
2. cords as group: ropes or cords collectively, especially the lines and rigging of a ship.
Hyson skin tea: a Chinese green tea.
Huckaback: coarse fabric for towels: a coarse absorbent type of cotton or linen fabric used mainly for towels.
Note. The names of contractors for the year of 1822, are about the same as all the other years. So I looked for new names. The names of the contractors are about the same year after year with a new one thrown in once in a while.
Navy contracts for 1822.
1. Feb. 8, 1822, Thomas Graham.
2. Feb. 8, 1822, Lawrence Shuster.
3. Feb. 11, 1822, Bates & Davenport.
4. Feb. 12, 1822, Jasper Moran.
5. Feb. 19, 1822, Jacob Cutter.
6. Feb. 26. 1822, E. A. & W. Winchester, for Fresh beef and vegetables.
7. March 11, 1822, Joseph Deemer, for fresh beef and vegetables.
8. March 1, 1822, Thomas Barron.
9. March 1, 1822, George M. Ogden, for Tarred cordage and white rope.
10. March 1, 1822, Joseph Prados, for Fresh beef and vegetables.
11. March 1, 1822, William Liddle, for Navy bread.
12. March 1, 1822, Russell Ball, for Ship chandlery.
13. Jan. 1, 1822, Epenetus Wheeler, for Fresh beef, vegetables, bread and groceries.
14. Sept. 23, 1822, Thomas Worthington,400 barrels of pork.
15. March 11, 1822, Peter S. V. Hamet, for Groceries.
16. May 31, 1822, Cary Selden 2,000 bushels of coal.
17. July 3, 1822, William Fontaine, 80 to 100 white oak logs.
Navy contracts for Ship Chandlery, 1823.
1. W. Yeaton, delivered to, Washington.
2. Devens & Thomas, delivered to, Boston.
3. E. Higgins, delivered to, Norfolk.
4. Grozer & Hopkins, delivered to, Portsmouth New Hampshire.
5. Tucker & Carter, delivered to, New York.
6. J. Turner Jr. & Co., delivered t, Philadelphia.
Navy contracts for Paints and Oils, 1823.
1. Hasting & March, delivered to, Portsmouth New Hampshire.
2. Tucker & Carter, delivered to, Washington & Gosport.
3. Eden. Holmes, delivered to, Charlestown Mass.
4. P. Schermerhorn & Sons, delivered to, New York.
5. J. Turner Jr. & Co., delivered to, Philadelphia.
Navy contracts for Groceries, 1823.
1. G. W. Adams, delivered to, New Orleans.
2. Cary Selden, delivered to, Washington, Norflok.
3. A. Symonds, delivered at, Sackett’s Harbor.
4. John Nexen, delivered at, New York.
5. D. S. Driswold, delivered at, Portsmouth New Hampshire.
6. Eph. Wheeler, delivered at, Whitehall, Lake Champlain.
7. D. S. Driswold, delivered at, Baltimore.
8. P. S. V. Hamet, delivered at, Erie, Pennsylvania.
9. Cary Selden, delivered at, Philadelphia.
Navy contracts for Cordage, 1823.
1. W. Yeaton, delivered at, Washington.
2. Plume & Co., delivered at, Norfolk.
3. J. P. Davis, delivered at, Boston.
4. Tiers & Myerle, delivered at, Philadelphia.
5. W. Lewis & Co., delivered at, Norfolk, Porstmouth, Philadelphia.
6. Tucker & Carter, deliver at, New York.
Navy contracts for Slop Clothing, 1823.
1. Alexander Watson, delivered at, Washington, New York.
Navy contracts for Canvass, 1823.
1. John Coltt, deliver to, New York.
2. John Travers, delivered to New York.
Navy contracts for Salt, Pork, Beef and Vegetables, 1823.
1. E. A. & W. Winchester, delivered to, Boston.
2. George Poppal, delivered at, Philadelphia.
3. Ashbel Symons, delivered at, Sackett’s Harbor.
4. John Dickson, delivered at, Erie, Pennsylvania.
5. Thompson & Valentine, delivered at, New York.
Navy contracts for Coals and Bricks, 1823.
1. Cary Selden, delivered at, Portsmouth New Hampshire, Charlestown, Mass., Brooklyn New York and Washington.
2. John Shotwell, delivered at, Washington.
3. Caleb Bishop, delivered at, Washington.
4. A patent right to use Charles W. Skinner’s paten for Ventilator on board public vessels of the United States for $300. Dollars.
Navy contracts for Medicines, 1823.
1. William Gunton, delivered at Washington.
2. Samuel Clarke, delivered at, Boston.
3. George Camp, delivered at Sackett’s Harbor.
Navy contracts for Timber, 1823.
1. Ballard White & Leatherbury, delivered at, Washington.
2. Joseph Radcliffe, delivered at, Washington.
3. John Ross, delivered, Washington.
Navy contracts for Gunner’s stores, 1823.
1. Devers & Thompson, delivered at, Boston.
Navy contracts for Ordnance and Iron and &c.
1. John Mason
2. West Point Foundry Association.
3. Evan T. Ellicott & Co.
Navy contracts for Ship Chandlery, 1824.
1. E. Higgins, Norfolk.
2. Ingle Lindsey & Ingle, Washington.
3. J. Turner & Co., Philadelphia.
4. Tucker & Carter, New York.
5. Devens & Thompson, Boston, Portsmouth.
6. J. R. Roques, Charleston S. C.
Navy contracts for Paints & Oils, 1824.
1. William Gist, Norfolk
2. William H. Gunnel, Washington.
3. H. A. Beck & Son, Philadelphia.
4. Tucker & Carter, New York.
5. Devens & Thompson, Boston Portsmouth.
6. D. A. King, Charleston S. C.
Navy contract for Beef & Pork, 1824.
1. J. Moore Jr., Norfolk.
2. Peter Yarnel, Norfolk.
3. E. & A. Winchester, New York, Boston.
4. D. R. Dunham, New York, Boston.
Navy contracts for Fresh Meat & Vegetables, 1824.
1. F. Currier, Portsmouth.
2. E. & A. Winchester, Boston.
3. G. Thompson, New York.
4. L. Shuster, Philadelphia.
5. J. Moore Jr., Washington.
6. G. Budd, Erie.
7. E. Wheeler, Whitehead.
8. J. Smith, Sackett’s Harbor.
Navy contracts for Groceries, 1824.
1. Carey Selden, Washington.
2. Bridges & Chamberlain, Philadelphia.
3. G. W. Brown, Boston, Norfolk, New York.
4. L. & J. Barney, Baltimore.
5. E. Wheeler, Whitehall.
6. John Dickson, Erie
7. Amasa Stowell, Sackett’s Harbor.
Navy contracts for Slop Clothing, 1824.
1. Alexander Watson, New York, Norfolk, Washington.
2. John B. Dyer, Boston.
Navy contracts for Lines and Twine, 1824.
1. Charles Dean, Washington.
Navy contracts for Timber, 1824.
1. C. & P. Mallet, Boston, Philadelphia.
2. Charles Jones, Washington.
3. N. Foreman, Norfolk.
4. Enos Bunnel, New York.
5. Virgil Maxey, Philadelphia.
6. J. Ross, Philadelphia.
7. R. B. Mason, New York.
8. James Stewart, Washington.
9. B. Van Ness, Washington.
10. John D. Watkins, Washington.
Navy contracts for Pig Lead and Copper, 1824.
1. Saltus Son & Co., New York, Philadelphia.
2. S. I. Isaac & Soho Copper Co., Portsmouth New Hampshire, Washington and Gosport Va.
3. Tucker & Carter, Navy yard New York.
4. B. Newcomb, B. Bowditch, B. Pratt, Charlestown Mass.
5. Henry Allen, Norfolk.
Navy contracts for Cannon, and round shot, 1824.
1. West Point Foundry Association.
2. John Mason.
3. Michael Williamson.
4. Charles Ridgely, of Hampton.
Note. I could find no contracts for 1825 through 1830, or 1833, to 1836. My Navy Index’s only go to 1836. After the contracts of 1832, there will be contracts for the Civil War.
In 1830, John S. Stiles had a contract for navy bread for the years of 1830-31, but had sustained some losses and had a claim in Congress.
Note. This claim is way to long to put down here but if you would like a copy let me know and I will send you a copy.
In 1831, there was a petition in Congress by John Watson, who stated in December of 1812, he went to New York for the purpose of contracting with the government agents for the building of a vessel-of-war. There he found Oliver H. Perry and Doctor John Bullas were the Navy agents. After the contract was signed a cutter schooner to be pierced for sixteen guns was built. Then in December 1813 the ship cleared from the port of Middletown for New York, she went down river 8 miles of it’s mouth, and there waited for it to be safe to proceed to New York, as it was winter. Then on April 7, 1814, the British blockade under the Commodore Hardy, came up the river and captured the schooner, but while in attempting to carry her out to sea she ran a ground and was set a fire and abandoned. The fire was put out but it was found it would cost as much to refit her as it had to build her, she was a loss. John Watson stated he had filled the contract and was asking to pay on the contract. However the government said they had looked over thousands of contracts and papers but his was not found and were sorry but the contract would not be paid.
Note. There are to many contract in the following to put in all the information, but if you would like more information just ask and I will send you a copy.
1832-Searury & Brown contracted in 1827, to deliver before November 1830, the live oak frames of one ship of the line, one frigate and one sloop-of-war of the first class.
Newcomb, Richards & Bryant contracted for stone to be delivered to the navy yard at Gosport Virginia by October 1, 1830.
Ellicott & Co. contracted for Iron to be delivered to the navy yard at Boston.
The following men contracted to deliver to different navy yards large supplies of white oak, yellow pine plank and stock in the repairing ships.
E. J. Wilson, T. Swals, N. V. Tatem, J. N. Walker, W. C. Borroughs, James Stewart, J. Tateny, J. B. Smith, A. B. Mason, Ross & Scott, W. N. Joy, James Tongue and Allen & Collinson.
Civil War contracts.
June 9, 1862, Mr. Jacob and Louis Zetter entered into a contract with Assistant Commissary of subsistence Captain Benjamin P. Walker, for stores of prisons.
November 10, 1863, through April 11, 1863, John McGinnis Jr. & Co., and sub-contractors Kendall & Sons. This information is on inferior rations being delivered to prisons.
In 1864, Fowler & Co., contracted for stores at Camp Douglas.
1863, contracts between the Confederate State, and Alexander Collie & Co., of London and Crenshaw & Co., of Charleston S. C.? for prison stores.
1863, Confederate State, Mr. George W. Thatcher, is now in Europe carrying out his contract of getting supplies.
1861, Captain Haskell, aide-de-camp, was a contractor for mules. He desired Captain Turnley to receive his animals-good, bad, and indifferent, as Captain Turnley said. This he would not do, and stated his prices for different classes-wheel, lead, &c. Besides, he had more mules than he could possibly send to the army. Notwithstanding all this, he received an order to inspect and receive Mr. Haskell's mules as rapidly as possible.
1864, Confederate State, John Surface contractor was arrested and returned to his regiment by order of General Buckner after his discharge from the military service of the Confederate States on writs of habeas corpus by Judge Fulton, of the Virginia bench, and which are the subject of your letter of the 17th of November, 1863, had been brought to the attention of the Department in the latter part of August by Honorable Waller R. Staples, had been investigated
In 1862, a contract was given to Gregg & West to erect buildings on Johnson’s Island.
In 1862, King & Kennedy contracted for supplies.
On the 25th September 1861, bids opened at Saint Louis, for furnishing grain and hay. Mr. Baird or Baird & Palmer of Saint Louis, got the contract, Baird got 33 cents for grain and $19 per ton for hay.
In 1865, contract for McDonald & Co., who could furnish corn at $7 and beef at 6 cents, or 3, gross. He was allowed to take a temporary supply. He sends agents all through the Cherokee country buying at $2 and $2. 50. If a man had 100 bushels they buy it all and issue half of it to him, and give one of his neighbors an order for fifty of it to go and get it. It is paid for in McDonald's and McKEE's checks, thirty days after date; 9,000 bushels were thus bought. Sometimes when there was no corn they give checks for the corn and checks for what they pretend to buy.
On October 11, 1861, Casper D. Shubarth, was given a contract for 20,000 to 50,000 Springfield muskets.
On October 11, 1861, the Providence Tool Co. was given a contract for 50,000 more muskets.
TREMONT HOUSE, Chicago, May 15, 1862.
Colonel J. A. MULLIGAN:
My contract to supply the troops, prisoners, at Camp Douglas with rations will expire on the 1st of July next. The price being very low (only 10 85/100 cents), Captain Chirstopher when it was made in March last offered to make the contract for the entire time that troops and prisoners should remain in camp, but the fear of loss prevented me from accepting the offer, so it was made to end on the 1st of July as above stated. There are on the market here now large quantities of cured meats, such as bacon, &c., which make up eight-tenths of the meat ration of the prisoners, and it can be bought at a low price, about the same as the past three months. If I knew now that I should have the contract after July I should at once purchase a quantity of such meats as would be wanted, and by so doing could afford to carry the contract along at the same price, which would be carrying out the original idea of Captain Chirstopher. Parties having such meats will either sell them or pack them away for the summer within the next month, and when packed the opportunity to purchase will have passed except at a higher rate, and parties assuming the contract on the 1st of July, it being the heat of summer, will hardly dare to take the contract at the present low rate. Now, sir, if in your judgment it would be for the interest of the Government to continue my contract you will favor all parties by referring this communication or making a statement of your own to Colonel Hoffman, or to the Commissary-General, to the end that Captain Christopher may be authorized to continue the present arrangement.
Yours, truly,
JOHN W. SULLIVAN.
Confederate State contracts.
Salt beef, bacon, Cure meat and flour.
1. 1862, Wilson & Armstrong.
2. 1862, R. T. Wilson, in Kentucky, Tennessee.
3. James M. Ransom, of Jefferson county Virginia.
Contractors of 1862.
1. Thomas J. Kerr-Flour
2. Thomas Jones-Flour.
3. John M. White-Beef.
4. James R. Rusk-Beef.
In 1864, Mr. Wheatley wood contractor was having 200 cords cut from Grand Island which is eighteen miles east from Fort Kearny.
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